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Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

Tree description and natural occurrence

A large hardwood attaining 40 m in height, with a trunk of 0.6 m diameter. Often a bushy tree forming a spreading canopy.

 

Wood appearance

Colour.
Heartwood yellowish-brown or orange-brown when first cut, turning darker with age to brown or deep reddish brown. Sapwood white, pale yellow or buff and sharply differentiated from heartwood.

Grain.
Grain variable but usually interlocked or wavy, texture is coarse but even. Attractive figure on backsawn material.

Wood properties

Density.
830 to 865 kg/m3 at 12% moisture content; approximately 1.2 m3 of seasoned sawn timber per tonne.

Strength Group.
S2 unseasoned; SD3 seasoned.

Stress Grades.
F11, F14, F17, F22, (unseasoned), F14, F17, F22, F27, (seasoned), when visually stress graded in accordance with AS 2082:2000, ‘Visually stress-graded hardwood for structural purposes.’

Shrinkage to 12% MC. 2.6% (tangential); 1.2% (radial).

Unit Shrinkage. 0.30% (tangential); 0.19% (radial). These figures apply to timber reconditioned after seasoning.

Durability. Class 2 - Highly resistant to decay when fully exposed to the weather, clear of the ground and well drained with free air circulation. Only moderately decay resistant in the ground.

Lyctid Susceptibility. Untreated sapwood susceptible to lyctid borer attack.

Preservation. Sapwood accepts preservative impregnation.

Seasoning. Kwila seasons well with kiln or air-drying, with little degrade and very little shrinkage or movement.

Hardness. Hard (rated 2 on a 6 class scale) in relation to indentation and ease of working with hand tools.

Machining. Working properties variable. Cuts cleanly but may have a blunting or gumming effect on cutting edges. Cutting angle should be reduced to 20 degrees when planing quarter-sawn stock. Turns well.

Engineering. Cross arms, bridge building, piles, sleepers, posts, wharfing, mining timbers.

Construction. Framing, decking, treads, general construction.

Decorative. Furniture, especially outdoor settings and barbeque trolleys, turnery, panelling, joinery, shop fitting, cabinet making, parquet flooring, carving, veneer, counter and bench tops.

Others. Boat building especially for decking, vats, musical instruments, and tool handles.

Identification features

Fixing. Kwila tends to split unless pre-bored, but holds fastenings well.

Gluing. Glues satisfactorily except with casein glues.

Finishing. It takes paint, stain and polish well, but gum bleed-through or oily patches may affect the finish.

Uses

Engineering. Cross arms, bridge building, piles, sleepers, posts, wharfing, mining timbers.

Construction. Framing, decking, treads, general construction.

Decorative. Furniture, especially outdoor settings and barbeque trolleys, turnery, panelling, joinery, shop fitting, cabinet making, parquet flooring, carving, veneer, counter and bench tops.

Others. Boat building especially for decking, vats, musical instruments, and tool handles.

Identification features

General characteristics

Sapwood.
Sharply differentiated from the heartwood.

Heartwood.
Dark red-brown or yellow-brown in colour.

Texture.
Coarse and even; grain often interlocked.

Wood structure

Vessels. Moderately large, visible to naked eye; short radial pairs or multiples and solitary cells. Sulphur-yellow and dark coloured deposits often visible. Vessel lines prominent on longitudinal surfaces.

Parenchyma. Abundant, aliform and occasionally confluent, with terminal bands present.

Rays. Moderately fine, not visible without lens.

Other features

Burning Splinter Test. A match size splinter burns to white ash.

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